Manuel is astonished. Your dentist told you that you have to get one of your teeth. Manuel, who is 63 years old, had been sure he could keep his teeth forever. You will now work with your dentist to better care for your remaining teeth.

Healthy teeth and gums make it easy to eat well and enjoy good food. There are a number of problems that can affect the health of the mouth, but careful care will keep teeth and gums strong.

Dental caries

The teeth are covered by an outer hard layer called enamel. Each day, a thin layer of bacteria called dental plaque is formed on the teeth. The bacteria in the dental plaque produce acids that can start to damage the enamel. Over time, acids can create holes in the enamel. These gaps are known as cavities. Brushing and flossing can protect against tooth decay, but once it decays, a dentist has to repair the damage.

You can protect your teeth against decay by using fluoride toothpaste. If you have a higher risk of developing tooth decay (for example, if you have a dry mouth because of medicines you take), you may need more fluoride. Your dentist or dental hygienist can treat you with fluoride during a visit to the office or the dentist may suggest that you use a fluoride gel or mouthwash at home.

Gum Diseases

Gum disease begins when a dental plaque forms along and under the gum line. This plaque causes infections that damage the gums and bones that hold the teeth in place. Sometimes gum disease causes the gums to become tender and more likely to bleed. This problem, called gingivitis, can often be solved by brushing and flossing daily.

A more severe form of gum disease, called periodontitis, needs to be treated by a dentist. If left untreated, this infection can ruin the bones, gums and other tissues that support the teeth. Over time, you may have to remove your teeth.

To prevent gum disease:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss once a day.
• Visit your dentist regularly for review and cleaning.
• Eat a well-balanced diet.
• Stop smoking. Smoking increases the risk of developing a gum disease.

Cleaning teeth and gums

• There is a correct way to brush your teeth and floss. Everyday.
• Brush gently on all sides of the teeth with a soft bristle brush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Use small circular motions and short back and forth movements.
• Take the time to brush carefully and gently along the gum line.
• Brush your tongue slightly to help keep your mouth clean.

For people who have arthritis or other conditions that limit hand movements, it may be difficult to hold and use a toothbrush. The following are some helpful ideas:

• Use an electric toothbrush or battery.
• Place the rubber grip of the handle of a bicycle or a tube of foam material on the handle of the toothbrush.
• Buy a toothbrush with a larger handle.
• Keep the toothbrush tied to your hand using a wide elastic garter?

You also need to clean the area around your teeth with floss every day. Careful flossing will remove plaque and leftover food that a toothbrush cannot reach. Be sure to rinse your mouth after flossing your teeth.